Numerous photonic neural network architectures have been proposed to facilitate complex neuro-inspired computations ( 11, 12), such as diffractive neural networks ( 13– 19), optical interference neural networks ( 20, 21), photonic spiking neural networks ( 22, 23), and photonic reservoir computing ( 24, 25). In recent years, there has been growing research of interest in photonic computing to use photons as the computing medium to construct photonic neural networks using its advanced properties of high parallelism, minimal power consumption, and light-speed signal processing. However, the electronic computing performance is approaching its physical limit and faces large difficulties to keep pace with the increase in demand of AI development, which is a common plight in a broad range of applications requiring large-scale deep neural models. The core is to leverage multilayer neural networks to learn hierarchical and complicated abstracts from big data, driven by the continuous development of integrated electronic computing platforms, such as central processing units ( 7), graphics processing units (GPUs) ( 8), tensor processing units ( 9), and field-programmable gate arrays ( 10). Our work opens up a new direction for designing application-specific integrated photonic circuits for high-efficiency processing large-scale graph data structures using deep learning.ĭeep learning technologies ( 1) have achieved enormous advances in a wide range of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, including computer vision ( 2), speech recognition ( 3), natural language processing ( 4), autonomous vehicles ( 5), biomedical science ( 6), etc. We demonstrate the applications of DGNN for node and graph-level classification tasks with benchmark databases and achieve superior performance. DGNN captures complex dependencies among node neighborhoods during the light-speed optical message passing over graph structures. Specifically, the graph node attributes are encoded into strip optical waveguides, transformed by DPUs, and aggregated by optical couplers to extract their feature representations. Here, we propose the diffractive graph neural network (DGNN), an all-optical graph representation learning architecture based on the diffractive photonic computing units (DPUs) and on-chip optical devices to address this limitation. However, existing architectures can only handle data with regular structures but fail to generalize to graph-structured data beyond Euclidean space. Photonic neural networks perform brain-inspired computations using photons instead of electrons to achieve substantially improved computing performance.
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December 2022
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